女性健康机构于2002年提前终止了激素替代疗法，以为他们发现联合使用雌激素和孕激素疗法后，乳腺癌发病率增加了24%。

The Women's Health Initiative study was halted prematurely in 2002 because of a 24 percent higher risk of breast cancer associated with the combination therapy of estrogen and progestin.

在血管腔内疗法不能抵达出血相关的血管时，考虑筛动脉钳夹和雌激素疗法。

Clipping of the ethmoidal arteries and estrogen therapy will be proposed when the vessels responsible for the bleeds are inaccessible to endovascular therapy.

食品药品监督管理局指出，对进行雌激素疗法的绝经期妇女额外使用黄体酮激素会减少子宫内膜增生的风险，这样可能会导致子宫内膜癌。

The FDA notes that adding a progestin to postmenopausal estrogen therapy has been shown to reduce the risk for endometrial hyperplasia, which may be a precursor to endometrial cancer.