Though Mumford is primarily an idealist but he does not fall into the pitfall of extreme idealism.

芒福德最初是一个唯心主义者，但是他没有完全陷进唯心主义的泥潭。

Mumford wants to use arts to guide and control the development of science and the machine and to affect the natural world.

芒福德企图用艺术控制科学和机器的发展，从而影响自然世界。

Thus Mumford’s criteria of adjudicating the development of history are not merely material but most importantly aesthetical and cultural achievements.

芒福德对历史发展调节的目标不仅在于物质，而且在于美学和文化的成就。

Thus in Mumford’s true concept of civilization, material abundance and technological achievements are the only means towards a more fully humane life.

所以芒福德的文明观是----物质的丰富和技术的成就是通向人类理想生活的唯一道路。

What Mumford advocates in these religious leaders and saints are their spirit of cooperation and peace and even his mention of the city is a place of peaceful co-inhabitation of all men.

芒福德所赞扬的宗教领袖和圣徒的，是他们的合作和和平精神。就是在他提到城市的时候，也把它看成是所有人共同和平居住的地方。