Operating management evolved in terms of production operating management, customer satisfaction evaluation system, supplying chain management, and knowledge management.

经营管理理论的演进路径为生产运营管理、消费者测评体系、供应链管理、知识管理。

The implementation of supplying chain management needs a company analysing both horizontal and vertical relations among companies on the basis of holding its own core competency.

供应链管理的战略实施需要企业在把握自身核心竞争力的基础上，分析企业之间的横向及纵向关系。