Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans.

1815年以前，美国的产品制造是由熟练的工匠们在家里或商店里完成的。

The mosaics of Sepphoris were very likely created by traveling artisans from some other part of the Roman Empire.

Sepphoris 的马赛克很可能是由来自罗马帝国其他地方的旅行工匠创造的。

At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730's, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans.

起初，数千名非熟练工人被招募；然而，到了18世纪30年代，美国的雇主需要有技术的工匠。

Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time.

同时，技艺纯熟的工匠师傅们并不会按照时间来稳步地安排工作，他们更喜欢享受更多闲暇时间与集中赶工相交替的生产方式。

Production was generally in the hands of skilled individual artisans doing piecework under the tutelage of a master who was also the shop owner.

生产工作一般在师傅也是店主的监视下，由熟练的工匠计件而成。

A variety of documentation indicates that certain goods, once made by a family member as one of many duties, were later made by skilled artisans.

各种各样的文件表明，某些货物曾经是由家庭成员负责制作的，后来由熟练的工匠制作。

In Forces of Production, David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from reliance on skilled artisans to automation.

在《生产的力量》一书中，大卫·诺布尔检视了机床工业从依赖熟练技工到依赖自动化的转变。

Before the rise of the factory, artisans had worked within the home.

在工厂兴起之前，工匠们在家里工作。

Journeymen knew that if they perfected their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops.

熟练工们知道，如果他们完善自己的技艺，就可以成为受人尊敬的手工艺大师，并能拥有属于他们自己的店铺。

Life is raw material. We are artisans.

生命是原材料，我们是匠人。

The designers and engineers at Apple aren’t magicians; they’re artisans.

苹果的设计师和工程师并不是魔术师；他们是工匠。

The First Company contains carpenters and artisans and has certain privileges.

第一连有木匠和技工，这些人拥有一定的特别待遇。

The recipe for this paper still exists and can be followed by today's artisans.

当时的造纸配方现在还在，当今的工匠都可以依此按部就班。

Artisans also combine various hardwoods and metal to create distinctive designs.

工匠还各种硬木和金属结合，创造出独特的设计。

They were skilled artisans and hard workers and took obvious pride in what they do.

他们手艺精湛，工作努力，职业自豪感也油然而生。

Petah was the god of artisans, Hawass said, while Sakar was the god of the cemetery.

和这些棺材在一起的还有一尊被称做佩塔·萨卡尔的神像，据哈瓦斯介绍，佩塔是古埃及的工匠之神，而萨卡尔为墓地之神。

merchants, artisans and manufacturers added nothing to labour and capital they diverted from the land.

商人、工匠和手工业者只从土地里转移走劳动和资本， 却丝毫没有增加劳动与资本于土地。

Nothing is said here about the education of farmers, artisans, merchants, laborers, the economic class.

这里并没有谈及，农夫的教育，或是工匠、商人、劳工，及有产阶级。

This is a community of artisans, constantly trying to hone their skills by taking notes from one another.

敏捷社区中的人们都是工匠，他们总想通过互相学习来磨砺自己的技能。

The coach let us off at the bottom of a steep hill where a number of local artisans had set up booths.

我们的大客车停在了一座陡峭的小山脚下，那里有当地手艺人摆的一些货摊。

But I see deeper links between artisans of the past and present that I'd like to explore with you this month.

但是我看到了过去和现在的工匠们之间更深层的联系，在这个月里，我将同大家一起探究这个问题。

Many of the artisans show how to make local Native crafts such as pottery, sand paintings, baskets or cloth.

另外，也有许多任务匠会向他人展示如何制作原住民工艺品，如：陶器、沙画、篮子或织物。

This diamond ring created by artisans at diamond giant De Beers exemplifies the use of gemstones in fine jewelry.

这枚钻戒由钻石巨头De Beers的手工艺师打造，展示了制作精美饰品的精湛技艺。

The artisans tried over and over again. Every time they made the mold very carefully, and everybody inspected the mold.

工匠们试了几次，每次铸模时，他们都非常小心，而且每个人都检查了模子。

But even those serving up the lentils — the local farmers and artisans of Montaillou — appreciated those same liberties.

但甚至是他们把豆子端上来——蒙太罗的农民和工匠仍然更欣赏他们拥有的自由。

Where hundreds of people, artisans, would leave their workshops and set up business as "florists," they called themselves?

其中数百人，工匠，将离开自己的讲习班和建立了“花店生意，”他们自称。

Local artisans soon learned the technique themselves, which gave rise to centuries of rich and productive inventiveness.

当地艺术家很快就自学了这门技艺，使当地数个世纪以来都富有而充满生产创造力。