Glaciers are moving rivers of ice.

冰川是流动成河的冰。

Glaciers gouged out valleys from the hills.

冰川把丘陵地带冲出一条条山谷。

Now, as you probably know, glaciers generally move really slowly.

现在你可能已经知道冰川通常移动得非常缓慢。

These soils were evidence that the glaciers retreated as the climate warmed.

这些土壤是冰川随着气候变暖而后退的证据。

Rampino thinks that certain tillites were produced by meteor impacts, not glaciers.

兰皮诺认为某些冰碛岩是由流星撞击而产生的，而不是冰川。

The loss of glaciers due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.

由于全球变暖带来的冰川融化对农业造成了巨大的威胁。

Glacier National Park now has only about 25 glaciers, compared with around 150 a century ago.

冰川国家公园目前只有大约25座冰川，而在一个世纪前约有150座。

The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.

由于全球变暖造成的冰川融化对农业造成了巨大的威胁。

Glaciers are open systems, with snow as the system's input and meltwater as the system's main output.

冰川是开放系统，雪是系统的输入，融水是系统的主要输出。

When the glaciers retreated, the separated populations of plants and animals came into contact again.

当冰川消退，分离的动植物种群再次接触。

During previous interglacial periods, when glaciers retreated, they left behind open land in their wakes.

在以往的间冰期中，当冰川消退时，它们在尾迹中留下了开阔的土地。

Glaciers are part of Earth's hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water contained.

冰川是地球水循环的一部分，其含水量仅次于海洋。

Glaciers are eventually created when the weight of the snow is so great that the lower layers are pressed into solid ice.

当雪的重量大到能将下层压成固体冰时，冰川最终形成。

Present-day glaciers are found in Antarctica, in Greenland, and at high elevations on all the continents except Australia.

现在的冰川在南极洲、格陵兰岛和除澳洲以外各洲的高海拔地区都可以看得到。

Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.

冰川有时按温度分为流动较快的温和冰川或流动较慢的极地冰川。

This route would have enabled humans to enter southern areas of the Americas prior to the melting of the continental glaciers.

这条路线将使人类能够在大陆冰川融化之前进入美洲南部地区。

Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts.

冰川正在缓慢地移动大量的冰，这些冰是在每年降雪量大于融化量的地区，在陆地上累积起来的。

As a result, glaciers create a great variety of landforms that remain long after the surface is released from its icy covering.

因此，冰川形成了各种各样的地貌，这些地貌在地表被冰覆盖的解除后很长时间都不会消失。

Because most of the planet's glaciers are in the northern hemisphere, and if it gets too warm, then glaciers will stop forming.

因为地球上大部分的冰川都在北半球，如果温度过高，冰川就会停止形成。

The total amount of ice is even more awesome if we estimate the water released upon the hypothetical melting of the world's glaciers.

如果我们估算一下假设世界冰川融化所释放的水，那么冰的总量就更惊人了。

The glaciers are melting, storms have increased in ferocity, and there are landslides and floods, followed by droughts and deforestation.

冰川正在融化，风暴越来越凶猛，山体滑坡和洪水，随之而来的是干旱和森林砍伐。

For example, during past ice ages, glaciers advanced down through North America and Europe and gradually cut off parts of populations from one another.

例如，在过去的冰河时代，冰川向下穿过北美和欧洲，逐渐切断了部分人口之间的联系。

Glaciers may form in permanently cold areas, and these slowly moving masses of ice cut out valleys, carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris.

冰川可能形成于长期寒冷的地区，而这些缓慢移动的冰块切割了山谷，带走了大量被侵蚀的岩石碎片。

Sediment as you know, is material like sand, gravel, fossil fragments that is transported by natural processes like wind, water flow or the movement of glaciers.

如你所知，沉积物是通过风、水流或冰川运动等自然过程输送的物质，如沙子、砾石、化石碎片等。

Last time, we started to talk about glaciers and how these masses of ice form from crystallized snow, and some of you were amazed at how huge some of these glaciers are.

上次我们开始讨论了冰川以及这些大型冰块是如何从结晶雪中形成的，你们中的一些人对这些冰川的巨大感到惊讶。

Now, speeds like that are pretty unusual, hundreds of times faster than the regular movement of glaciers, but you can actually see glacier move during these surges, though it is rare.

现在，这样的速度是很不寻常的，比冰川的正常移动速度快几百倍，但是你可以看到冰川在这些涌动中移动，虽然很少见。

They could trace the growth and shrinkage of continental glaciers, even in parts of the ocean where there may have been no great change in temperature—around the equator, for example.

他们可以追踪大陆冰川的生长和收缩，即使是在温度变化不大的海洋区域——比如，赤道附近。

Geologist Gerard Bond noticed that some of the sediment grains were stained with iron oxide, evidence that they originated in locales where glaciers had overrun outcrops of red sandstone.

地质学家杰拉德·邦德注意到，一些沉积物颗粒被氧化铁染色，这表明它们起源于冰川覆盖红砂岩露头的地方。

Some miller glaciers are totally lost.

一些米勒冰川已经完全消失了。

The world's glaciers are melting quickly.

世界上的冰川正迅速融化。