Each of these appanage Princes naturally took themselves very seriously.

每个封地王公都会认真对待。

One result of appanage was a crazy quilt as you can see from this year map of appanage Princes who could barely pay for their own upkeep.

封地的结果就是你可以在地图上看到拼凑的封地，这些王公基本无法维持他们在生活上的开销。

Which could keep from being chopped to bits through the appanage process.

可以免于通过封地这一过程而四分五裂。

Which with each of the other sons given appanage curved out of the principality.

而其他的儿子的封地也来自这个公国。

Simply put appanage means that a principality is passed from father to eldest son.

简单说来封地就是公国由父亲传给长子。

While the Russian city states splintered into dozens of ever shrinking appanage states.

俄罗斯的城市却分裂成几十个小块的封地。

Thanks to the practice of appanage Russ was in fact too weak to rise against the Mongols.

由于实行封地制度，以至于俄罗斯实力大为削弱而难以东山再起对抗蒙古。

In fact, the division of Russ into smaller, appanage principalities made the nation both weaker and less centralized.

俄罗斯分裂成更小的封地，公国使国家既虚弱又不集中。

To avoid the old problem of division by appanage, in 1502, Ivan took as Co-Regent his son by Sophia, Vasily the Third.

为了避免封地分裂的老问题，1502年伊凡让索菲娅的儿子瓦西里三世担任摄政王。