Engaging in market work at a real wage rate of w

在真实工资率w上，参与市场工作–

It is clear that labour cost variance arises due to the actual hours differing from the standard hours and the actual wage rate differing from the standard wage rate.

显而易见，劳务费用差异的产生是由于实际工时不等于标准工时，而实际工资率也不等于标准工资率所致。

The wage rate determines the willingness of employees to work (the supply) and of employers to hire them (demand).

工资率决定了受雇者工作的意愿（供给）和老闆雇请员工的意愿（需求）。

The result of the higher wage rate, therefore, will be a much greater unemployment than before.

由此可知，进一步提高工资水平的结果，将是出现更为严重的失业。

When the production efficiency of trade products sector (manufacturing) increases rapidly, the wage rate of the department will increase.

当贸易产品部门（制造业）生产效率迅速提高时，该部门的工资增长率也会提高。