Indirectly through inanimate fomites (objects). Examples are staphylococcal infection, streptococcal infection, colds, hospital-acquired wound infections through use of improperly sterilized items.

通过无生命体间接感染。例如通过使用消毒不当的物品而引起的葡萄球菌感染，链球菌感染，伤风，医院获得性伤口感染。