The retroactivity of administrative act is limited to the executive force.

行政行为的追溯力仅限于执行力。

In United States, scholars have proposed rational retroactivity and balancing test.

在美国学界，学者们提出了理性溯及模式和平衡性测量规则模式。

The retroactivity of construction of law refers to if the new construction of law can apply to the past event and behaviour.

法律解释的溯及力是指新的法律解释颁布后对其颁布前的事件和行为是否适用的问题。

Whether or not the nearly-revised "Marriage Law" has retroactivity plays a decisive role in the judgement of the related cases.

新修订的《婚姻法》是否具有溯及力问题直接影响到有关案件的处理结果。

However, it is actually the law itself, not the PSC's interpretation, has the authority to specify the retroactivity of the law.

但法律是否具有溯及力应由法律本身作出明确规定，不能由司法解释来决定。

In judicial practice, although retroactivity of criminal law is easily grasped, there still exist some difficult problems in dispute, which need further discussing.

在司法实践中，虽然对刑法的溯及力问题一般比较容易把握，但也存在一些有争议的疑难问题，需作进一步探讨。

When we deal with the retroactivity of the civil law, we should also consider the res judicata of the judicial decision and the integrity of the whole legal system.

在处理民事法律溯及力问题时，必须考虑司法判决的既判力和整个的民事法律体系。