Cytokines can affect the biological characters of melanocytes through autocrine or paracrine modes of action.

细胞因子通过自分泌或旁分泌的方式影响黑素细胞的生物学特性.

G cells may possess endocrine, paracrine and exocrine functions simultaneously.

G细胞可能同时具备内分泌 、 旁分泌和外分泌方式.

It is thought that viral lytic proteins expressed in KSHV-MCD contribute to cytokine dysregulation, paracrine signaling, and the pathogenesis of this disease.

目前认为KSHV-MCD所表达的病毒裂解蛋白参与了细胞因子调节异常、旁分泌信号传导和疾病的发生。