Objective To observe the effect of underground part-obturated environment on human health.

目的观察半密闭地下环境对健康的影响。

Most of the current CRM systems are based on C/S architecture, which are obturated, lack of flexibility and highly costing to implement.

国内外现有的CRM系统以C／S架构为主，柔性差，开放性低，而且实施成本高；

Objective To evaluate the apical sealing ability of obturated root canals prepared hand ProTaper with stainless steel K files in simulated resin root canals.

目的研究两种临床常用的根管预备器械不锈钢锉和镍钛锉预备根管对充填后根管根尖孔封闭性的影响。