duty是什么意思_duty单词用法

双语例句

He was recalled to military duty.
他被召回执行军事任务。
《牛津词典》
We have a duty to uphold the law.
维护法律是我们的责任。
《牛津词典》
I was on picket duty at the time.
当时我正执行罢工的纠察任务。
《牛津词典》
It was his duty to obey.
服从是他的职责。
《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Who's on duty today?
今天谁值班？
《牛津词典》
She felt it her duty to tell the police.
她认为报警是她的义务。
《牛津词典》
We have a duty to care for the refugees.
我们有义务关怀这些难民。
《牛津词典》
It is my duty to report it to the police.
把这事报告给警方是我的责任。
《牛津词典》
He took up office out of a sense of duty.
他任职是出于一种责任感。
《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
We must help our brethren, it is our duty.
我们必须帮助我们的同胞,这是我们的职责。
《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
The Church has a duty to condemn violence.
基督教会有义务谴责暴力。
《牛津词典》
He had failed in the execution of his duty.
他未能履行职责。
《牛津词典》
Her duty was to produce an heir to the throne.
她的任务就是生育王位继承人。
《牛津词典》
She felt it to be her duty to tell the police.
她认为她有责任报警。
《牛津词典》
The school's motto is: 'Duty, Honour, Country'.
这所学校的校训是：“责任、荣誉、国家”。
《牛津词典》
Officers will be inhibited from doing their duty.
官员们将被阻止履行其职责。
《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
I consider it my duty to write to you and thank you.
我觉得我有责任给你写信表示感谢。
《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Local councillors have a duty to serve the community.
地方议员有义务为社区服务。
《牛津词典》
He was weaned on a diet of rigid discipline and duty.
他自幼受到严格纪律和职责的约束。
《牛津词典》
His duty was to conciliate the people, not to provoke them.
他的任务是安抚这些人，而不是激怒他们。
《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
The story tells of a classic conflict between love and duty.
这故事讲的是典型的爱情与责任之间的矛盾。
《牛津词典》
There will only be a skeleton staff on duty over the holiday.
假期将只留必需的少数职员值班。
《牛津词典》
Haig's rise was fuelled by an all-consuming sense of patriotic duty.
黑格的崛起被一种压倒一切的爱国责任感推动着。
《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
They have a case against their directors for breach of fiduciary duty.
他们对董事们违反信托责任提出诉讼。
《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
The state has a duty to protect its citizens against external enemies.
国家有义务保护本国公民不受外敌侵犯。
《牛津词典》
The film explored the tension between public duty and personal affections.
该片探讨了公共义务和个人情感之间的冲突。
《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
What time do you go off duty?
你什么时候下班？
《牛津词典》
He's on duty twenty-four seven.
他不分昼夜地天天上班。
《牛津词典》
I felt duty-bound to help him.
我觉得帮助他责无旁贷。
《牛津词典》
Your first duty is to your family.
你首要的是对家庭尽责。
《牛津词典》

短语搭配

on duty

值班，上班
heavy duty

重型；重载；重税
custom duty

关税
duty cycle

工作周期；占空度；忙闲度
stamp duty

印花税
off duty

下班

近义词

n. 责任；关税；职务

liability burden trust blame

同义词辨析

duty, obligation, responsibility, function

这些名词都有\义务\或\职责\之意。

duty ：指按道德和法律的标准，一个人永远要尽的义务，强调自觉性。
obligation ：指道义上或法律上对他人的义务，强调强制性。也指因作出承诺而被迫履行的某种义务。
responsibility ：指任何义务、职责、责任或职务上所尽的本分，强调对他人的责任。
function ：指因职务或职业关系去履行某种职责。

考纲分布

近6年出现 28 次

重要程度

100%
n 责任; 义务

考纲释义

n. 责任; 义务
真题例句：
- As a TV reporter , it’s my duty to tell the truth to the public.
  作为一名电视记者，告诉公众真相是我的职责。
  [2021年云南省卷语法填空]
- Xiao is the duties a person has to their parents.
  孝是一个人对父母应尽的义务。
  [2020年成都B卷图表]
- Although it’s a public holiday today, some firefighters in our city are still on duty.
  虽然今天是公共假日，但我市的一些消防队员仍在执勤。
  [2019年福建卷选择填空]

必考短语

on duty
值班；执勤；值日

考纲分布

近12年出现 6 次

重要程度

67%
cn/un 本分; 责任; 义务
33%
cn/un 税

考纲释义

cn/un. 本分; 责任; 义务
真题例句：
- But others do double duty.
  但是其他人有双重责任。
  [2017年全国卷2 阅读理解]
- The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
  父母已经尽到了他们的责任，而且可能还会继续这样做。
  [2017年全国卷1 阅读理解]
- One thing is for certain —Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle!
  有一件事是肯定的——拉里如此接近燃烧的汽车，超出了他的职责范围！
  [2016年全国卷1 完形填空]
cn/un. 税

必考短语

call of duty
使命召唤

真题例句

And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — lunch! the parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
2017年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解阅读B 原文
Even so, part of me continued to resent walking duty.
2015年高考英语浙江卷阅读理解阅读D 原文
Finally, let's see, who is on duty today.
2016年高考英语北京卷听力原文
It gives her a sense of duty.
2019年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解阅读B 选项
My ambassadorial duties will include introducing British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
2016年高考英语全国卷1 语法填空原文
My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty, and I was left in a tiny shack alone.
2016年高考英语浙江卷（6月）完形填空原文
One thing is for certain—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His efforts most likely saved the woman's life.
2016年高考英语全国卷1 完形填空原文

考纲分布

近12年出现 13 次

重要程度

62%
n 值班
23%
n 责任; 义务
15%
n 工作职责

考纲释义

n. 值班

英文释义：
the time during which a person must do his or her job
n. 责任; 义务
英文释义：
something a person feels he or she ought to do because it is morally right
真题例句：
- Hundreds of women spoke up about their own experience with emotional labor: the duties that are expected of them, but go unnoticed.
  数百名女性讲述了她们自己的情绪劳动经历：人们期望她们履行的职责，但却无人问津。
  [2021年 CET4 阅读理解B]
- These invisible duties become apparent only when you don't do them.
  这些看不见的责任只有当你不去做的时候才会变得明显。
  [2021年 CET4 阅读理解B]
- Sons and daughters want to talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties.
  子女们希望与管理员和居民以及其他家庭交谈，尽一切可能履行自己的职责。
  [2016年 CET4 阅读理解]
n. 工作职责

英文释义：
an action done as part of a job or position

真题例句

Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties.
出自-2016年6月阅读原文
With the time spent eating, sleeping and taking care of household duties.
出自-2013年12月听力原文
The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property.
2016年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

考纲分布

近12年出现 12 次

重要程度

100%
n 责任; 义务
0%
n 工作职责
0%
n 关税
0%
n 值班

考纲释义

n. 责任; 义务
英文释义：
something a person feels he or she ought to do because it is morally right
真题例句：
- In addition, pop stars or influential people have a duty to act as positive role models.
  此外，流行明星或有影响力的人有义务充当积极的榜样。
  [2021年 CET6 写作]
- As technology progresses, we all have a duty to make sure that we shape a future that we would want to find ourselves in.
  随着技术的进步，我们都有责任确保我们塑造一个我们想要的未来。
  [2021年 CET6 阅读理解]
- Students who are burdened with family duties might choose to take online courses.
  背负着家庭责任的学生可能会选择在线课程。
  [2020年 CET6 阅读理解]
n. 工作职责
英文释义：
an action done as part of a job or position
真题例句：
- They perform duties in their owner's best interest.
  他们以主人的最大利益履行职责。
  [2017年 CET6 阅读理解]
- Make workers less motivated in performing duties.
  降低员工履行职责的积极性。
  [2017年 CET6 阅读理解]
n. 关税
英文释义：
a tax especially on imports into a country
真题例句：
- If imported merchandise is unused and destroyed under their supervision, 99% of the duties paid on the merchandise may be recovered.
  如果进口商品未被使用并在他们的监督下被销毁，商品的99%的关税可以被收回。
  [2021年 CET6 阅读理解B]
- That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive (惩罚性的) duties.
  这就是为什么政府历来干预，禁止广告，施加健康警告和惩罚性的税。
  [2016年 CET6 阅读理解]
n. 值班

英文释义：
the time during which a person must do his or her job

必考短语

on duty
值班；执勤；值日
customs duty
(海关)关税
perform duty
履行职责；履行义务
have a duty to
有义务
off duty
下班

真题例句

That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive ( ' , 惩罚性的) duties.
出自-2016年12月阅读原文
The stories are then passed to the senior duty editor and the assistant editor.
2015年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

考纲分布

近18年出现 10 次

重要程度

80%
n 职责; 任务
20%
n 上班; 值班
0%
n 责任; 义务; 本分

考纲释义

n. 职责; 任务
英文释义：
an action done as part of a job or position
真题例句：
- exempt employers from certain duties
  免除雇主的某些责任
  [2022年英语一阅读理解A]
- The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to contemplate.
  当摄像机执行其神奇的任务时，一想到要保持一个固定的笑容，就令人难以想象。
  [2021年英语一阅读理解A]
- The judge failed to tell a jury that it must look at the former governor's decisions on \specific\ and \unsettled\ issues related to his duties.
  该法官未能告知陪审团必须考虑前州长就与其职责相关的“特定”、“待定”问题所做出的决策。
  [2017年英语一阅读理解A]
n. 上班; 值班

英文释义：
the time during which a person must do his or her job
n. 责任; 义务; 本分
英文释义：
something a person feels he or she ought to do because it is morally right
真题例句：
- As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over.
  当许多人承担起将推理和科学哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴就结束了。
  [2020年英语一翻译]

用法讲解

duty作名词，表示“职责；任务”时，常用复数形式，如：administrative duties 行政职责。

单词辨析

duty意为“义务、本分、职责”，指我们对于他人或自己应尽的天职，着重指受内心道德驱使，而非受客观要求所产生的责任感。
responsibility意为“责任（感）、义务、负担”，指对某人、公众、社会或某事应负的义务、职责。
obligation意为“义务”，指完成某项协议、诺言或社会要求而必须担当的义务，international obligations意为 “国际义务”。
liability意为“责任、包袱”，可指“债务（复数形式）”或“缺陷、不利条件（单数形式）”。

真题例句

The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.
出自-2017年考研阅读原文
Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,It was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.
2010年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ
As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world.
2020年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ
Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list.
2010年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ
In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character.
2010年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ